Ms. Liu is interested in intellectual property law and competition law, and in particular, the competition law concerns with respect to the abuse of intellectual properties. With her thesis, Ms. Liu hopes to investigate how major jurisdictions have interpreted the Fair, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) obligations imposed to Standard-Essential Patent (SEP) holders, and what the competition law effects of a SEP-based injunction application are. By systematically examining the judicial practices and applying economic analysis of law, the aims of the research are to conclude the diligent procedures of taking and granting a FRAND license, and to assess whether the competition law intervention is socially and economically desirable.