{"id":3557,"date":"2020-01-29T12:18:26","date_gmt":"2020-01-29T04:18:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webapp3.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/?page_id=3557"},"modified":"2026-09-23T11:19:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T03:19:46","slug":"prof-christopher-roberts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/people\/prof-christopher-roberts\/","title":{"rendered":"PROF. CHRISTOPHER ROBERTS"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3557\" class=\"elementor elementor-3557\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0da53a7 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"0da53a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_scale_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_scale_direction&quot;:&quot;out-in-out&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_scale_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:2,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;background_motion_fx_scale_range&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:40,&quot;end&quot;:60}},&quot;background_motion_fx_range&quot;:&quot;viewport&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0e299b3\" data-id=\"0e299b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a2e4be2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a2e4be2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29315a9\" data-id=\"29315a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40402246 people_back elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40402246\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/people\/\">&lt;  People<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5da6c445 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5da6c445\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107a4b84\" data-id=\"107a4b84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bbc09e3 people_name elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7bbc09e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PROF. CHRISTOPHER ROBERTS<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5172427c people_title elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5172427c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Associate Professor<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-816bf5c people_info elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"816bf5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-35460cd\" data-id=\"35460cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6c554e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c6c554e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"919\" src=\"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Prof.-Christopher-ROBERTS-836x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-91851\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Prof.-Christopher-ROBERTS-836x1024.png 836w, https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Prof.-Christopher-ROBERTS-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Prof.-Christopher-ROBERTS-768x940.png 768w, https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Prof.-Christopher-ROBERTS.png 1119w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2bfaf3b\" data-id=\"2bfaf3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9aa5a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9aa5a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>Tel<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-056b71a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"056b71a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>Fax<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4a678b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4a678b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>Email<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de35fef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de35fef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>Office<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c7282c\" data-id=\"1c7282c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e0d8035 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e0d8035\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(852) <span>3943 1541<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-456634d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"456634d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(852) <span>2994 2505<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbdea4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cbdea4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"mailto:christopher.roberts@cuhk.edu.hk\"><\/a><a href=\"mailto:christopher.roberts@cuhk.edu.hk\">christopher.roberts@cuhk.edu.hk<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15943daf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15943daf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Room 536<br>Faculty of Law<br>5\/F, Lee Shau Kee Building<br><span>The Chinese University of Hong Kong<\/span><br>Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong SAR<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-52159540 people_content elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52159540\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-22be815a\" data-id=\"22be815a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a61ddb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a61ddb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Professor Roberts\u2019 research focuses on the evolution of public law, human and workers\u2019 rights, labor coercion and the nature of the state in the British Empire and on the international level, with a particular focus on the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the First World War and the interwar period. Professor Roberts is an <span><a href=\"https:\/\/commonwealth.sas.ac.uk\/people\/professor-christopher-roberts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Associate Research Fellow<\/a><\/span> with the Institute for Commonwealth Studies, part of the University of London\u2019s School of Advanced Study; a member of the Editorial Board of <em>Constitutional Studies<\/em>; Chair of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/centre-for-comparative-and-transnational-law\/transnational-legal-history-group\/#tab1921\">Transnational Legal History Group<\/a> within the Law Faculty\u2019s Centre for Comparative and Transnational Law; and the Secretary of the Asian Legal History Association.<\/p><p>In addition to his academic work, Professor Roberts has worked as an expert legal consultant addressing issues such as constitutional and legal reform, the rule of law and human rights with intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and mandate holders such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the African Commission on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration International pour les Droits Humains, the International Refugee Assistance Project, the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies, the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, Transparency Maldives and others.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eef5558 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eef5558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #ac1618;\">RESEARCH INTERESTS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-160d13d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"160d13d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Legal History<\/li><li>British Empire<\/li><li>International Institutions<\/li><li>International Procedural Law<\/li><li>Public International Law<\/li><li>Human Rights<\/li><li>Labor Law<\/li><li>Evidence Law<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b15363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b15363\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #ac1618;\">SELECT PUBLICATIONS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90adb33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90adb33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Legal History<\/p><ul style=\"margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px;\"><li>With Chan Lau Yi: <a href=\"https:\/\/access.heinonline.com\/HOL\/Page?handle=hein.journals\/tulicl34&amp;div=8&amp;g_sent=1&amp;casa_token=&amp;collection=journals\">The Birth of the Right to Housing: Housing Policy in Early Twentieth Century Britain and the British Empire<\/a>, 34 <em>Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law <\/em>191 (2026)<\/li><li>With Sakiko Kaiga: <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2753412X261453966\">British Free Trade Debates at the Dawn of International Organization<\/a>, <em>Chinese Journal of Transnational Law <\/em>(2026)<\/li><li>With Michelle M. Ong: <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu\/sjsj\/vol24\/iss1\/9\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Worker Protection or Commercial Facilitation: The British Empire, Labor Governance and the Gradual Invisibilization of Labor Coercion During the Age of High Imperialism<\/a>, 24 <em>Seattle Journal for Social Justice <\/em>157 (2025)<\/li><li>With Michelle M. Ong: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cardozociclr.com\/_files\/ugd\/bc0e09_f1bd4ccc459c4d9aa70a710b967aed3c.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anticolonial Rights Advocacy<\/a>, 8 <em>Cardozo International and Comparative Law Review <\/em>1 (2025)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lhlt.mpg.de\/publications\/gplh-25?c=1935773\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Defining Forced and Free Labour, 1930-1957<\/a>, 48 <em>Fordham International Law Journal<\/em> 477 (2025)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/law.unimelb.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0009\/5173650\/Roberts-Advance-Copy-14.12.2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Re-Covering Forced Labor: Colonial Foreclosures and Forgotten Potentials<\/a>, 25 <em>Melbourne Journal of International Law <\/em>1 (2025)<\/li><li>The Vagrancy Law Model: Governing Through Social Contagion in the Anglo World, c. 1824-1932,\u201d in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomsbury.com\/us\/contagion-technology-and-law-at-the-limits-9781509970704\/#:~:text=Collectively%2C%20the%20studies%20in%20this,strategies%20used%20to%20control%20them.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contagion, Technology and Law at the Limits<\/a> (Lynette J. Chua &amp; Jack Jin Gary Lee eds., Bloomsbury, 2024)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/djcil.law.duke.edu\/article\/discretion-and-the-rule-of-law-roberts-vol33-iss2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Discretion and the Rule of Law: The Significance and Endurance of Vagrancy and Vagrancy-Type Laws in England, the British Empire and the British Colonial World<\/a>, 33 <em>Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law <\/em>101 (2023)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/minnjil.org\/article\/labor-control-resistance-and-the-advent-of-development-modalities-of-governance-in-the-british-empire-c-1926-1940\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Labor Control, Resistance, and the Advent of \u2018Development\u2019: Modalities of Governance in the British Empire, c. 1926-1940<\/a>, 32 <em>Minnesota Journal of International Law<\/em> 93 (2023)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cardozociclr.com\/_files\/ugd\/bc0e09_3be574b861954cb3ab8f7a798236a0b2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Global Red Scare and the Anti-Worker Repressive Model, 1913-1927<\/a>, 5 <em>Cardozo International and Comparative Law Review<\/em> 415 (2022)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/heinonline.org\/HOL\/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals\/wasglo20&amp;div=6&amp;id=&amp;page=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Age of Emergency<\/a>, 20 <em>Washington University Global Studies Law Review<\/em> 99 (2021)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.lmu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1802&amp;context=ilr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Experiments with Suppression: The Evolution of Repressive Legality in Britain in the Revolutionary Period<\/a><em>,<\/em> 43 <em>Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review<\/em> 125 (2020)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/chicagounbound.uchicago.edu\/cjil\/vol20\/iss1\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">From the State of Emergency to the Rule of Law: The Evolution of Repressive Legality in the Nineteenth Century British Empire<\/a>, 20 <em>Chicago Journal of International Law <\/em>1 (2019)<\/li><\/ul><p>Human Rights Institutions &amp; Procedure<\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 5px;\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/opil.ouplaw.com\/display\/10.1093\/law-mpeipro\/e3963.013.3963\/law-mpeipro-e3963?rskey=Mgsf9P&amp;result=3&amp;prd=OPIL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Previous Exhaustion of Local Remedies: Human Rights Bodies<\/a>, Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law (H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Ruiz Fabri ed., 2023)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/opil.ouplaw.com\/display\/10.1093\/law-mpeipro\/e3445.013.3445\/law-mpeipro-e3445?rskey=Mgsf9P&amp;result=3&amp;prd=OPIL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proof: Human Rights Bodies<\/a>, Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law (H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Ruiz Fabri ed., 2023)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/alternative-approaches-to-human-rights\/80120B848AD2415AA56C9535B04F73D3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alternative Approaches to Human Rights: The Disparate Historical Paths of the European, Inter-American and African Regional Human Rights Systems<\/a> (Cambridge University Press, 2022)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/13642987.2020.1859486\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reversing the Burden of Proof Before Human Rights Bodies<\/a>, 25 <em>International Journal of Human Rights<\/em> 1682 (2021)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-832b234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"832b234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #ac1618;\">SELECT PRACTICAL PUBLICATIONS AND ENGAGEMENTS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0f576e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0f576e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Vagrancy-and-Vagrancy-Type-Laws-in-Colonial-History-and-Today.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vagrancy and Vagrancy-Type Laws in Colonial History and Today, <\/a>Transnational Legal History Group, CUHK<\/li><li>Expert Consultant, <a href=\"https:\/\/achpr.au.int\/index.php\/en\/soft-law\/guidelines-freedom-association-and-assembly-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guidelines on Freedom of Association and Assembly in Africa<\/a>, adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights in 2017<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b405f02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b405f02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #ac1618;\">SELECT RESEARCH GRANTS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54b26a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54b26a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>GRF Grant: <a href=\"https:\/\/cerg1.ugc.edu.hk\/cergprod\/scrrm00542.jsp?proj_id=14600724&amp;old_proj_id=null&amp;proj_title=&amp;isname=Roberts&amp;ioname=&amp;institution=&amp;subject=&amp;pages=1&amp;year=2024&amp;theSubmit=14600724\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Origins of Development: Anti-Colonial Resistance, Social Struggles and Labor Reform in the Interwar British Empire<\/a><\/li><li>GRF Grant:<a href=\"https:\/\/cerg1.ugc.edu.hk\/cergprod\/scrrm00542.jsp?proj_id=14608222&amp;old_proj_id=null&amp;proj_title=&amp;isname=&amp;ioname=&amp;institution=CUHK&amp;subject=&amp;pages=3&amp;year=2022&amp;theSubmit=14608222\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Empire, Internationalism and Global Labor Governance in the Inter-War Period<\/a><\/li><li>ECS Grant:<a href=\"https:\/\/cerg1.ugc.edu.hk\/cergprod\/scrrm00542.jsp?proj_id=24601320&amp;old_proj_id=null&amp;proj_title=&amp;isname=Roberts&amp;ioname=&amp;institution=&amp;subject=&amp;pages=1&amp;year=2020&amp;theSubmit=24601320\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> The Exportation and Evolution of Vagrancy Laws in the Nineteenth Century British Empire: From the Caribbean to Hong Kong<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8b8746 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8b8746\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #ac1618;\">CONFERENCES AND INVITED TALKS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ea76a3 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ea76a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Re-Covering Forced Labor: Colonial Foreclosures and Forgotten Potentials, <em>4th Asian Legal History Conference<\/em>, Hue University Faculty of Law, Hue, Vietnam, July 2024<\/li><li>Recovering Forced Labor: A History of Foreclosure and Emancipatory Potential, <em>International Society of Public Law Conference, <\/em>IE Law School, Madrid, Spain, July 2024<\/li><li>Discretion and the Rule of Law: The Dissemination, Endurance and Significance of Vagrancy and Vagrancy-Type Laws in England, the British Empire, and the British Colonial World, <em>Law and Humanities Seminar Series<\/em>, Peking University School of Transnational Law, Shenzhen, China, March 2024<\/li><li>Commentator, Book Talk: Boats in a Storm by Kalyani Ramnath, <em>Asian Legal History Seminar Series<\/em>, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong SAR, March 2024<\/li><li>Re-Covering Forced Labor, <em>Talk at the Department of History<\/em>, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, March 2024<\/li><li>Colonialism and Human Rights (Authors Meet Readers Panel), <em>American Society for Legal History Conference<\/em>, Philadelphia, U.S.A., October 2023<\/li><li>The Historical Development of the Concept of Forced Labor and the Open Boundaries of Its Definition Today, <em>Law and Society Association Conference<\/em>, San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 2023<\/li><li>Thinking Through Evidentiary and Related Issues in the Consideration of Patterns or Practices of Violations, <em>Evidentiary regimes of UN Treaty Bodies: Perspectives from research and practice<\/em>, DISSECT, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, May 2023<\/li><li>Slavery and Forced Labor in the Interwar Period, <em>2nd Asian Legal History Conference<\/em>, Bangkok, Thailand, July 2022<\/li><li>Discretion and the Rule of Law: The Dissemination, Endurance and Significance of Vagrancy Laws in Britain and the Former British Empire, 1800-2020, <em>Law and Society Association Conference<\/em>, Lisbon, Portugal, July 2022<\/li><li>The Exportation, Reception and Evolution of Vagrancy Laws in Hong Kong (with Hazel W.H. Leung), <em>3rd Legal Histories of Empire Conference<\/em>, Maynooth University, Ireland, June \u2013 July 2022<\/li><li>Panelist, Thinking about \u2018the burden of proof\u2019, <em>DISSECT\u2019s Talking Evidence Series<\/em>, Ghent University, Belgium, May 2022<\/li><li>The Vagrancy Law Model: Combatting Social Contagion Through Law and Ideology in the Anglo-World, c. 1824-1939, <em>Governing Through Contagion Conference, <\/em>National University of Singapore Faculty of Law, Singapore, April 2022<\/li><li>Discretion and the rule of law: the dissemination, endurance and significance of vagrancy laws in England and the former British Empire, <em>Common Law Research Seminar, <\/em>Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory, Frankfurt, Germany, December 2021<\/li><li>Flexibility, Discretion and the Rule of Law: Vagrancy Laws in the British Empire, 1824- 1858, <em>1st Asian Legal History Conference<\/em>, Hue University Faculty of Law, Hue, Vietnam, July 2021<\/li><li>The Age of Emergency, <em>39th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Law and History Society<\/em>, Auckland, New Zealand, December 2020<\/li><li>Experiments with Repression in Late Eighteenth Century Britain, <em>13th Max Weber June Conference: \u2018Drivers and Consequences of Transformation\u2019, <\/em>European University Institute, Florence, Italy, June 2019<\/li><li>From Discretion to Law: Rights-Based Concerns and the Evolution of International Sanctions, <em>Talk at the Faculty of Law, <\/em>Koc\u0327 University, Istanbul, Turkey, May 2019<\/li><li>The Evolution of Repressive Legality in the Nineteenth Century British Empire, <em>\u2018State Building in Non-Democratic Societies\u2019 Conference, <\/em>European University Institute, Florence, Italy, May 2019<\/li><li>The Evolution of Repressive Legality in the Nineteenth Century British Empire, <em>Talk at the Faculty of Law, <\/em>American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt, April 2019<\/li><li>Alternative Rights Visions, <em>Max Weber Colloquium, <\/em>European University Institute, Florence, Italy, September 2018<\/li><li>The Systemic Approach to Human Rights, <em>International Society of Public Law Conference, <\/em>Hong Kong University, Hong Kong SAR, June 2018<\/li><li>The Systemic Approach to Human Rights, <em>Institute for Global Law and Policy Conference, <\/em>Harvard Law School, Boston, U.S.A., June 2018<\/li><li>National Human Rights Institutions as Democratic Supplement, <em>International IDEA Conference on Constitutional Responses to the Crisis of Representation and Oligarchic Democracy<\/em>, The Hague, Netherlands, May 2017<\/li><li>Procedural Human Rights Violations and Complementarity: The Exhaustion of Remedies Rule and the African Commission, <em>Association of Human Rights Institutions Conference, <\/em>Copenhagen, Denmark, September 2014<\/li><li>Human Rights as Positive, Horizontal and Democratic: A Habermasian Approach to Human Rights Law<em>,<\/em> <em>International Society of Public Law Conference, <\/em>European University Institute, Florence, Italy, June 2014<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feb2675 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"feb2675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #ac1618;\">EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5910f34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5910f34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>JSD, NYU School of Law<\/li>\n<li>Admitted to the New York State Bar<\/li>\n<li>JD, NYU School of Law<\/li>\n<li>MA, School of Oriental and African Studies<\/li>\n<li>BA, Brown University<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6bf72ad4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6bf72ad4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78e895b6\" data-id=\"78e895b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49b186b9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"49b186b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&lt; People PROF. CHRISTOPHER ROBERTS Associate Professor Tel Fax Email Office (852) 3943 1541 (852) 2994 2505 christopher.roberts@cuhk.edu.hk Room 536Faculty of Law5\/F, Lee Shau Kee BuildingThe Chinese University of Hong KongSha Tin, NT, Hong Kong SAR Professor Roberts\u2019 research focuses on the evolution of public law, human and workers\u2019 rights, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"parent":66,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3557","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-academic-staff","category-people"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>PROF. 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CHRISTOPHER ROBERTS Associate Professor Tel Fax Email Office (852) 3943 1541 (852) 2994 2505 christopher.roberts@cuhk.edu.hk Room 536Faculty of Law5\/F, Lee Shau Kee BuildingThe Chinese University of Hong KongSha Tin, NT, Hong Kong SAR Professor Roberts\u2019 research focuses on the evolution of public law, human and workers\u2019 rights, [&hellip;]\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/people\/prof-christopher-roberts\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Faculty of Law\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CUHKFacultyofLaw\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-23T03:19:46+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Prof.-Christopher-ROBERTS-836x1024.png\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"836\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@cuhklaw\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\\\/app\\\/people\\\/prof-christopher-roberts\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\\\/app\\\/people\\\/prof-christopher-roberts\\\/\",\"name\":\"PROF. 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CHRISTOPHER ROBERTS Associate Professor Tel Fax Email Office (852) 3943 1541 (852) 2994 2505 christopher.roberts@cuhk.edu.hk Room 536Faculty of Law5\/F, Lee Shau Kee BuildingThe Chinese University of Hong KongSha Tin, NT, Hong Kong SAR Professor Roberts\u2019 research focuses on the evolution of public law, human and workers\u2019 rights, [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/people\/prof-christopher-roberts\/","og_site_name":"Faculty of Law","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CUHKFacultyofLaw\/","article_modified_time":"2026-09-23T03:19:46+00:00","og_image":[{"width":836,"height":1024,"url":"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Prof.-Christopher-ROBERTS-836x1024.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@cuhklaw","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/people\/prof-christopher-roberts\/","url":"https:\/\/www.law.cuhk.edu.hk\/app\/people\/prof-christopher-roberts\/","name":"PROF. 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